Neuroprotective effect of fasudil combined with bone marrow-derived neural stem cells on mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

AIM: To explore the neuroprotective effect of fasudil combined with bone marrow-derived neural stem cells (BM-NSCs) on the mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). METHODS: Female C57BL/6 mice (8~10 weeks old, n=32) were immunized with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 35-55 (MOG_35-55) to establish chronic EAE model. The mice were randomly divided into control (ddH₂O) group, fasudil group, BM-NSCs group, and fasudil+BM-NSCs group. The clinical score and body weight were recorded every other day. The expression of neurotrophic factors was determined by immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS: In comparison with ddH₂O group, fasudil combined with BM-NSCs delayed onset and ameliorated severity of EAE. The numbers of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor, neurotrophin-3 and ciliary neurotrophic factor positive cells in fasudil group, BM-NSCs group and fasudil+BM-NSCs group were all increased in various extents. In particularly, the expression of these neurotrophic factors in fasudil+BM-NSCs group was significantly higher than that in the mice treated with fasudil or BM-NSCs alone (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Fasudil combined with BM-NSCs promotes the expression of neurotrophic factors and improves microenvironment of central nervous system, thus playing a positive role in neural restoration and regeneration through a synergistic and superimposed effect.     

农业社会化服务体系框架构建与机制研究

农业社会化服务体系是一个多层次、全方位的复杂系统。基于对相关文献的梳理和对我国服务体系发展状况的研究,构建了新时期下农业社会化服务体系运行框架,并对其运行机制进行了分析,提出了新时期下农业社会化服务体系的基本运行机制主要包括监督机制、竞争机制、激励机制、创新机制和利益分配机制。这对我国农业社会化服务体系的完善和顺利发展具有重要的理论意义。     

冀南平原大棚微咸水滴灌对土壤水盐分布及葡萄生长发育的影响

为确定适宜矿化度的微咸水滴灌方式,并为指导不同葡萄品种的微咸水滴灌灌溉制度提供理论依据,在冀南平原地区开展大棚葡萄微咸水滴灌试验,研究了淡水(CK)、2 g·L^-1微咸水(2 g·L^-1)、3 g·L^-1微咸水(3 g·L^-1)和4 g·L^-1微咸水(4 g·L^-1)4个不同矿化度水分灌溉处理对土壤水盐分布、葡萄生长和光合特性及果实品质的影响。结果表明：(1)2 g·L^-1处理的土壤盐分累积小于影响葡萄生长的盐分阈值,而3 g·L^-1和4 g·L^-1处理的盐分累积已超出该盐分阈值。(2)微咸水滴灌会减缓生育前期葡萄新梢的生长速度,且矿化度越高减缓程度越大。(3)随着矿化度的增加,叶片净光合速率、胞间CO₂浓度呈现逐渐降低的趋势,但2 g·L^-1处理的叶片水分利用效率高于其他处理。(4)2 g·L^-1处理‘火焰无核’葡萄的糖酸比...     

我国几种温室环境控制系统的架构方案

现代传感器技术、通信技术、自动化技术和计算机技术的发展为现代温室控制系统的架构提供了多种可选方案。为此,列举了几种典型的测控系统模式,并简要地分析了其优缺点,最后提出了未来温室控制系统的发展趋势。     

浅议市级图书馆服务少年儿童读者

结合市级图书馆的实际和少年儿童读者的特点,就市级图书馆为少年儿童读者服务的问题进行阐述,指明了素质教育背景下市级图书馆儿童读者工作的重要性及发展方向。     

Simulated rain addition modifies diurnal patterns and temperature sensitivities of autotrophic and heterotrophic soil respiration in an arid desert ecosystem

The timing and magnitude of rainfall events in arid and semiarid regions are expected to change dramatically in future decades, which will likely greatly affect regional carbon cycles. To understand how increases in rainfall affect the diurnal patterns and temperature sensitivities (Q₁₀) of soil respiration (R_S) and its key components (i.e. heterotrophic respiration (R_H) and autotrophic respiration (R_A)), we conducted a manipulative field experiment in a desert ecosystem of Northwest China. We simulated five different scenarios of future rain regimes (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% increase over local annual mean precipitation) each month from May to September in 2009. We measured R_S and R_H every three hours on 6 and 16 days after the rain addition, and estimated R_A by calculating the difference between R_S and R_H. We found that rain addition significantly increased the daily mean R_S and its components on the two measurement days during the growing season. However, the diurnal pattern was different between the two respiration components. Rain addition significantly increased the daily Q₁₀ value of R_H but suppressed that of R_A on Day 6. Rain addition had no influence on daily Q₁₀ value of both respiration components on Day 16 when soil moisture was lower. In addition, we observed significantly higher daily Q₁₀ of R_H than R_A under all five rain addition treatments, indicating that microbial respiration is more temperature sensitive than root respiration in a short-time scale in this desert ecosystem. Thus, partitioning soil respiration into its two components, and analyzing the differential responses of R_H and R_A to future climate changes should be considered for more accurate predictions of soil respiration and regional carbon cycle in these arid and semiarid regions.     

不同牡丹品种开花期间花瓣花青素和类黄酮组成的动态变化

【目的】牡丹（Paeonia suffruticosa）是中国传统名花之一,花色丰富,品种多样,通过测定不同花色品种在花朵开放期间花瓣花青素苷、类黄酮苷的种类和含量,并分析其动态变化规律,为牡丹花色的呈色机理及不同花色育种提供参考。【方法】选择5种不同花色的牡丹品种为试验材料,采集蕾期（S1）、露色期（S2）、盛开期（S3）和衰败期（S4）等4个不同时期的花瓣,利用高效液相色谱（HPLC）和质谱联用（LC-MS）技术对其花青素苷和类黄酮苷进行定性定量分析,比较不同花色品种之间的差异。【结果】检测到6种花青素苷和12种类黄酮苷。其中,紫色品种‘洛阳红’检测到的花青素苷种类最多,花瓣中共检测到4种花青素苷,而白色品种‘白雪塔’中未检测到花青素苷;在检测出的12种类黄酮苷中,芹菜素5-葡萄糖苷（7.18%—58.46%）、芹菜素己糖葡萄糖苷（1.44%—43.72%）和山奈酚3,7-葡萄糖苷（2.83%—43.44%）的相对含量明显高于其他物质。6种花青素苷在花朵开放期间不断积累,从蕾期（S1）至衰败期（S4）,花青素总含量不断增加,其中在盛开期（S3）总含量显著增加,在S4时期达到最高值。类黄酮物质总含量在花朵开放与衰老期间呈现先增加后降低的趋势,但不同品种的变化趋势差异明显。‘洛阳红’的类黄酮总含量在衰败期（S4）达到最大值（752.93±48.10）μg∙g^-1 FW,‘赵粉’在盛开期（S3）达到最大值（603.81±6.30）μg∙g^-1 FW,‘白雪塔’在露色期（S2）达到最大值（673.45±9.96）μg∙g^-1 FW,‘迎日红’和‘粉荷’均在蕾期（S1）达到最大值,其含量分别为（525.88±22.38）μg∙g^-1 FW和（740.56±16.08）μg∙g^-1 FW。【结论】不同颜色的牡丹品种中花青素苷和类黄酮苷差异较为显著,紫色品种花青素苷含量较高,白色品种几乎不含有花青素苷。花青素苷在花朵开放过程中不断积累,而类黄酮苷存在先积累后降解的变化趋势。     

基于微润灌溉大棚番茄对施肥运筹的响应

为探究微润灌溉下不同施肥运筹对大棚番茄生长的影响,将番茄定植于大棚内的种植箱中,设置施肥浓度分别为200 mg/L(N1:全生育期浓度为200 mg/L)、200~400 mg/L(N2:苗期浓度为200 mg/L,结果期、成熟期为400 mg/L)、400 mg/L(N3:全生育期浓度为400 mg/L)、400~800 mg/L(N4:苗期浓度为400 mg/L,结果期、成熟期为800 mg/L)、800 mg/L(N5:全生育期浓度为800 mg/L)5组不同处理,测定番茄全生育期的含水率、茎粗、株高、叶面积、产量及灌溉水分生产率等指标。研究表明:不同施肥浓度各处理土壤含水率差异不显著,N4、N5处理的番茄各项生长指标差异不显著且优于其余处理,说明施肥对土壤含水率影响较小,但随着施肥浓度的增加,番茄的产量及其余生长指标增长明显;施肥浓度前少后多的N4处理番茄长势及产量不弱于N5处理,因此苗期减少施肥、开花坐果期追肥与全生育期保持较高浓度施肥是微润灌溉水肥一体化种植番茄的有效施肥措施。     

PRRSV山西株ORF5和Nsp2基因序列分析

采用RT-PCR方法对2009—2011年山西省分离的5株猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV）的ORF5和Nsp2（2503～3269nt）基因进行克隆和测序,并对其基因序列和推导的氨基酸序列与国内外毒株进行了同源性分析。序列分析结果显示,5株分离株Nsp2基因与国内分离的PRRSV变异株（JXA1、HuN、HUN4、HUB1）的序列同源性最高,为96．8％～98．2％,且缺失位置一致,均存在2个位点30个氨基酸缺失;ORF5基因大小为603bp,编码200个氨基酸,第13、151位均为具有强毒特性的精氨酸（R）,137位为丝氨酸（S）,表明这5株均为野毒株,与国内分离的PRRSV变异株（JXA1、HuN、HUN4、HUB1）毒株的序列同源性最高,为96．5％～98．0％。结果表明,山西省内目前流行的PRRSV为Nsp2缺失30个氨基酸的变异毒株。     

山西猪瘟野毒株E_2基因序列测定与遗传变异多样性分析

为了解山西地区猪瘟病毒（CSFV）流行毒株的遗传变异情况,采用RT-PCR方法,2013年从山西部分地区分离出5株CSFV流行毒株,并进行了E2全基因扩增、克隆与序列测定,应用DNAStar分析软件对所测定的5株毒株与国内外参考毒株的相应序列进行了同源性分析,绘制系统发育进化树。结果表明：5株CSFV流行毒株之间E2基因核苷酸序列与所推导氨基酸序列的同源性分别为81.4%~100%和87.9%~100%,与CSFV石门毒株（Shimen株）的核苷酸与氨基酸的同源性分别为82.9%~94.8%和89.0%~94.9%,与CSFV兔化弱毒株（HCLV株）的核苷酸与氨基酸的同源性分别为81.6%~99.6%和87.9%~99.5%,与17株来自各国不同地区的CSFV参考毒株的核苷酸与氨基酸的同源性分别为81.5%~99.6%和86.3%~99.7%。经系统发育关系分析,4株属于基因2群,且705、713、725、729、734和738位氨基酸发生置换,另外1株属于基因1群。本研究揭示了山西猪瘟流行毒株的遗传变异多样性现状。